Table of contents:
- Immunization is an effort to give antigen material to get adaptive immunity in the human body against biological agents that cause disease. In other words, this step aims for the body to protect itself. It is important to meet the immunization schedule so that family members avoid dangerous diseases
- Observing the Immunization Schedule
2023 Author: Autumn Gilbert | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-09-01 21:43
Immunization is an effort to give antigen material to get adaptive immunity in the human body against biological agents that cause disease. In other words, this step aims for the body to protect itself. It is important to meet the immunization schedule so that family members avoid dangerous diseases
Giving vaccines, both for children and for adults, is a common way of preventing disease. Vaccines containing attenuated viruses or bacteria, or bacteria-like proteins obtained from development in the laboratory, work to prevent disease by triggering an immune response and preparing the body to fight off future infections.
Immunization is generally safe to give. However, like other medicines, vaccines have the potential to cause side effects. However, the side effects of immunization result in a smaller risk when compared to the risk of disease that can arise from not undergoing immunization. The most common side effects after being immunized include low-grade fever, redness at the injection site, and allergies. Generally, these conditions will subside on their own. However, it is still important for parents to inform the doctor if their child is allergic to certain ingredients in the vaccine.
Observing the Immunization Schedule
Some vaccines are given only once, but some need to be repeated after a certain period, so that the body continues to receive protection. This is why it is important for parents to observe and adhere to the family immunization schedule.
The following types of immunization are included in the government program, and funded by the government, for infants under 1 year of age in Indonesia:
- Age 0 months: BCG, HB-0, Polio-0
- Age 2 months: DPT/HB/Hib-1, Polio-1
- Age 3 months: DPT/HB/Hib-2, Polio-2
- Age 4 months: DPT/HB/Hib-3, Polio-3
- 9 months old: Measles
In general, basic immunizations are fulfilled when children are 1-4 years old. During this period, repeated immunizations are usually carried out to extend the period of basic immunization immunity. Some types of immunization are also repeated at the age of 5-12 years, while the age of 13-18 years is usually used for additional immunizations. Getting the vaccine on time according to age is very important. If you are late, you can make a new immunization schedule with your doctor.
The following are the types of immunization recommended by age group:
- Age below 1 year: BCG, hepatitis B, polio, DPT, measles, HiB, pneumococcus, rotavirus.
- Age 1-4 years: DPT, polio, MMR, typhoid, hepatitis A, varicella, influenza, HiB, pneumococcus.
- Age 5-12 years: DPT, polio, measles, MMR, typhoid, Hepatitis A, varicella, influenza, pneumococcus.
- Age 12-18 years: Td, hepatitis B, MMR, typhoid, hepatitis A, varicella, influenza, pneumococcal, HPV.
- The elderly: influenza, pneumococcal (PCV vaccine).
In addition, there are also immunizations that are recommended to be given in endemic areas, such as the Japanese encephalitis immunization, generally given from the age of 1 year, and repeated at the age of 3 years. Dengue vaccination to prevent dengue fever is also recommended by the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) starting at the age of 9 years, in 3 doses 6 months apart.
Below is a table of complete immunization schedules for children, so you can check which vaccines may not have been given.
Immunization Schedule for Children 0-18 years oldRecommendations for the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI)
The full schedule can be downloaded on the Indonesian Pediatric Association (IDAI) page.
Take the child to the Puskesmas or at least to the Posyandu periodically to be immunized according to the schedule prepared by the government program. Vaccination or immunization is rated 90-100 percent effective in protecting humans from dangerous diseases. Even if the vaccine does not fully protect and infection persists, symptoms in children who have been immunized will not be as severe as in other children who have never had the vaccine. Consult further with the pediatrician, to get the right immunization recommendations for your little one.
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